Abnormal intermenstrual bleeding, such as spotting or unexpected bleeding between cycles, is a crucial red flag that may indicate cervical cancer.
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Reproductive and Oncofertility specialist Associate Professor Dr Mohd Faizal Ahmad said many women mistakenly dismiss the early signs of cervical cancer as routine symptoms, delaying crucial medical attention.
He explained that cervical cancer is typically painless in its early stages, making it difficult to detect. Additionally, he raised concerns about women turning to unproven remedies promoted on social media platforms like TikTok, rather than consulting medical professionals, a practice that could worsen their condition.
"It is crucial to recognise red flags associated with cervical cancer. One major sign is abnormal intermenstrual bleeding, which occurs between menstrual cycles. This includes spotting or bleeding that is not part of the regular menstrual cycle.
"Another warning sign is post-coital bleeding, where bleeding occurs after sexual intercourse due to the fragile cervix being affected by cancer," he said.
In more advanced stages, prolonged bleeding and difficulty urinating may occur as the cancer spreads to nearby organs, such as the bladder, he said during a Sinar Daily’s podcast titled Active Sexual Lifestyle Really Cause Cervical Cancer?.
Dr Faizal stressed the importance of consulting a doctor or gynecologist immediately if women experience abnormal bleeding outside their regular menstrual cycles.
He cautioned against relying on advice from unqualified individuals on social media, as they are unable to offer accurate or reliable guidance.
He also shared that early detection of cervical cancer is possible through pap smears, a routine procedure to examine cervical cells for abnormalities.
"In the past, wooden tools were used for this procedure, but modern advancements have introduced painless plastic brushes that allow the test to be completed quickly. Self-administered pap smears are also available, making the process more accessible.
"Once abnormal cells are detected, further investigation involves a colposcopy, an examination of cervical tissue under magnification," he added.
He said the colposcopy procedure may be performed under local or general anaesthesia and uses a camera with green and white filters to identify abnormal areas for targeted biopsy.
"After confirming a diagnosis of cervical cancer through histopathological examination, imaging such as iagnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography scans helps determine the stage of the disease by assessing the spread of the cancer,” he said.
Dr Faizal said while cervical smears were once typically conducted by allied health staff like nurses, advancements in technology have led to gynaecologists performing these procedures more frequently, offering patients a more comfortable experience. The gynaecologists are also highly trained to carry out these examinations with care and professionalism.