Soil and animals may be potential causes of leprosy - Expert

SHAH ALAM – The presence of Mycobacterium leprae in soil and animals could be a potential cause of leprosy, a disease that was once close to eradication in Malaysia.

Universiti Malaya Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre director Professor Dr Sazaly Abu Bakar said humans could contract the disease if directly exposed to these factors.

"Some scientists believe the bacteria (Mycobacterium leprae) may exist in soil, but it has not been extensively studied. Many infections actually originate from soil.

"Additionally, it could also spread through infected animals acting as carriers. Both possibilities should be thoroughly examined and to identify the exact source, the Health Ministry (MOH) must conduct comprehensive research," he told Sinar.

The MOH, in a statement, assured that leprosy is not an outbreak in Malaysia and remained far below the threshold set by the World Health Organisation (WHO).

The statement also highlighted that while leprosy still existed, modern and effective treatments have made it manageable.

Previously, an 18-year-old Orang Asli girl died from leprosy on Monday, while eight other residents from Kampung Orang Asli Chergun and Guntur in Kuala Pilah were currently receiving treatment.

Addressing public concerns following the recent fatality, Dr Sazaly advised against panic, stressing that the situation remained under control and that this was an isolated case.

"Containing the disease is straightforward—infected individuals should avoid direct contact with others. Those who have been in close contact with an infected person should also receive treatment to prevent further transmission.

"Unlike viral infections, leprosy is caused by bacteria, which means effective treatment is available. However, individuals with HIV or AIDS are at higher risk if they contract the disease," he said.

Nevertheless, he urged authorities, particularly the MOH, to conduct thorough investigations to determine the exact cause of the infection while ensuring all affected individuals received full treatment.

"The MOH must not take this lightly, even if it is an isolated case. It must be tackled promptly and comprehensively because if left unchecked, leprosy could become a major global health issue," he added.