How cheap, unhealthy food is driving Malaysia’s NCD burden

The affordability and accessibility of unhealthy food options in Malaysia are major contributors to the rising rates of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in the country.

Former deputy health minister Dr Lee Boon Chye stressed that these lifestyle-related diseases, particularly diet-related NCDs, are becoming a major healthcare burden and are projected to continue rising in the coming years.

Lee stated that addressing food affordability and providing better nutrition education should be a priority in Malaysia’s fight against NCDs.

"Sources of protein are generally more expensive than staple foods like rice, noodles, and bread, which are primarily made up of carbohydrates," he said.

He also highlighted that many consumers lack essential knowledge about proper nutrition.

“Many consumers, particularly in lower-income groups, lack the necessary information and have limited choices when it comes to maintaining a balanced diet, particularly in terms of vegetables and fruits.

Lee emphasised that the Health Ministry has run a campaign called Suku-Suku-Separuh, which advised people to divide their ideal meal plate accordingly.

“One-quarter for grains or grain products, one-quarter for protein sources such as fish, poultry, meat, or eggs and half of the plate for fruits and vegetables,” he added.

Lee pointed out that tackling lifestyle-related diseases like obesity, diabetes and hypertension is essential to reducing the healthcare burden in Malaysia.

According to the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2023, the prevalence of obesity among adults has increased from 44.5 per cent in 2011 to 54.4 per cent in 2023.

The study also found that one in three adults has hypertension, and one in six adults has diabetes, with physical inactivity being a common issue.

In response to these concerns, Lee called for stronger public education on balanced diets and the promotion of active lifestyles.

Tackling lifestyle-related diseases like obesity, diabetes and hypertension is essential to reducing the healthcare burden in Malaysia. Photo: Canva

"The Health Ministry, alongside other ministries such as the Education Ministry, Higher Education Ministry, Sports Ministry and local authorities, must strengthen efforts in public education about the importance of a balanced diet and physical activity.

“We need to provide more facilities and opportunities for sports and active living," he stated.

He also noted that a holistic approach is required, with ministries working together to promote healthier living across all sectors of society, particularly in both urban and rural communities.

Meanwhile, JomSayHeart Diet Centre’s chief executive officer and chief nutritionist, Syaza Lyana Idris, highlighted the importance of having balanced and affordable meals to maintain overall health.

She said that, ideally, a person should have three main meals a day—breakfast, lunch, and dinner—along with one or two healthy snacks if necessary.

However, she added that this may vary depending on individual needs, health conditions, and lifestyle.

“A balanced meal should include lean proteins like chicken, fish, tofu, or eggs, complex carbohydrates like whole grains or oats and healthy fats like avocados or olive oil.

“Not to forget the micronutrients like vitamins and minerals from fruits and vegetables, and sufficient hydration through water intake,” she told Sinar Daily.

She said that misconceptions about healthy eating being expensive need to be addressed.

“Healthy eating doesn’t have to be costly,” she added.

Syaza said that affordable, nutrient-dense foods such as oats, eggs, legumes, frozen vegetables and seasonal fruits are excellent choices for maintaining a healthy diet without overspending.

She emphasised that additional affordable and nutritious options include eggs, which are high in protein and versatile; sweet potatoes, rich in fibre and vitamins A and C; canned fish like sardines, an inexpensive source of omega-3 fatty acids; spinach, which provides iron and calcium; and lentils, packed with protein, fibre and essential vitamins, making them ideal for soups and stews.

She noted that unhealthy foods often seem cheaper, but there are practical ways to eat well without exceeding a budget.

“Buying seasonal and local produce, purchasing staples like rice, beans, and oats in bulk, and cooking meals at home can significantly reduce costs.

“Planning meals ahead to avoid food waste and freezing leftovers for future use are also effective strategies,” she suggested.

Syaza cautioned that failing to meet nutritional requirements can lead to serious health implications, including fatigue, weakened immunity, mental health challenges, stunted growth in children and a higher risk of chronic diseases such as osteoporosis, anaemia and cardiovascular problems.